California Law and Ethics Practice Exam

Which of the following is an exception to psychotherapist-patient privilege in California?

1. If a client's information is required for billing purposes

2. If a client's mental condition poses a danger to self or others

3. If a client voluntarily discloses information in a group setting

4. If the therapist feels the client may not return for further sessions

The correct answer is: If a client's mental condition poses a danger to self or others

In California, psychotherapist-patient privilege is a legal concept that protects the confidentiality of communications between a therapist and their patient. However, there are specific exceptions to this privilege that allow a therapist to disclose certain information without violating the confidentiality agreement. One significant exception occurs when a client's mental condition poses a danger to themselves or others. This is rooted in the legal obligation therapists have to take reasonable steps to prevent harm when they believe their patient may inflict serious injury on themselves or others. In such cases, disclosing the necessary information to authorities or other parties may be considered not only permissible but required to prevent imminent harm. This exception ensures that therapists adhere to public safety and are proactive when a client exhibits harmful intentions. The other choices described do not establish legally recognized exceptions to the privilege. Billing purposes typically do not require breaching confidentiality, as that information can often be processed without disclosing sensitive details. Similarly, voluntary disclosure in a group setting does not negate the privilege since that information remains confidential among the group members unless legally mandated to report. The therapist's concern about whether a client might return for further sessions does not present a justifiable reason to disclose confidential information. Thus, it is through the threat of harm to self or others that the strongest rationale for